Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jerome Dumetz Author-Name-First: Jerome Author-Name-Last: Dumetz Author-Email: jerome.f.dumetz@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Plekhanov University, Moscow, RU; Unicorn University Author-Name: Anna Vishnyakova Author-Name-First: Anna Author-Name-Last: Vishnyakova Author-Email: jerome.f.dumetz@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: N/A Author-Name: Valéria Dumetz-Vishnyakova Author-Name-First: Valéria Author-Name-Last: Dumetz-Vishnyakova Author-Email: jerome.f.dumetz@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: N/A Author-Name: Alexandra Dumetz-Vishnyakova Author-Name-First: Alexandra Author-Name-Last: Dumetz-Vishnyakova Author-Email: jerome.f.dumetz@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: N/A Title: Unexpected Disadvantages of a Simultaneous Quadrilingual Upbringing, a Case Study Abstract: At the crossroad between linguistics and cross-cultural communication, multilingualism is frequently presented through its most positive perspective. However, if the long-term benefits outrun the disadvantages, frustration is often the dominant feeling among the speakers during their early years. Based upon meticulous observations and careful collection of examples in a multilingual family, this article is a case study of the difficulties encountered by polyglots growing up with four simultaneous languages: Russian, French, Czech, and English. Using the research framework usually developed for the study of bilingualism, the article reviews not only the psychological and cognitive difficulties encountered by tetraglots, but also the social and linguistic drawbacks they are confronted with. It also examines common multilingual strategies such as code-switching, words creation and language mixing.It concludes that the linguistic development of tetraglots does not differ much from bilingual ones, except for the elongated period before acquiring production speech. Quadrilingual children tend to speak later than not only monolingual children, but also bilingual ones. Classification-JEL: I29, Z10 Keywords: Multilingualism, tetralingual, tetraglot, quadri-lingual, code switching, borrowings, cognitive development Journal: International Journal of Teaching and Education Pages: 1-12 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijote-article-116884 File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijote-article-116884?download=1 Handle: RePEc:aop:jijote:v:9:y:2021:i:1:p:1-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hilde Kjelsrud Author-Name-First: Hilde Author-Name-Last: Kjelsrud Author-Email: hilde.kjelsrud@nord.no Author-Workplace-Name: Nord University Author-Name: Kitt Margaret Lyngsnes Author-Name-First: Kitt Margaret Author-Name-Last: Lyngsnes Author-Email: kitt.m.lyngsnes@nord.no Author-Workplace-Name: Nord University Title: Peer Learning through Pedagogical Observation in Driving Teacher Education in Norway Abstract: The purpose of this article is to examine what driving teacher students think they learn from the learning activity pedagogical observation and what factors concerning this activity they think are important for their learning outcome. At a driving school connected to a university, driving teacher students give driving lessons to student drivers with a peer driving teacher student—a pedagogical observer—in the back seat. Focus group interviews involving eight driving teacher students were conducted to explore what they think they learn through pedagogical observation, and the data was analysed using thematic analysis. The focus group interviews revealed that driving teacher students think they (1) strengthen their driving teacher role, (2) strengthen their peer guidance role, (3) increase their subject knowledge (4) and learn to interact with student drivers. For this learning outcome to occur, driving teacher students point to these factors: 1) the need for a focused plan; 2) establishing a definite agreement; 3) having a committed attitude; 4) providing constructive feedback; and 5) possessing appropriate knowledge. This study contributes to the sparse research on cooperation among driving teacher students in the practical field at the university level. It shows that the learning activity of pedagogical observation enables driving teacher students to learn from each other during driving lessons as a two-way reciprocal learning activity. Classification-JEL: I21, I23 Keywords: pedagogical observation; sociocultural perspective; peer learning; higher education; driving teacher education; Norway Journal: International Journal of Teaching and Education Pages: 13-28 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijote-article-116857 File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijote-article-116857?download=2 Handle: RePEc:aop:jijote:v:9:y:2021:i:1:p:13-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lukáš Augustin Máslo Author-Name-First: Lukáš Augustin Author-Name-Last: Máslo Author-Email: lukas.maslo@vse.cz Author-Workplace-Name: Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze Title: A Just Wage: Social Justice in the Labor Market Abstract: The author deals with a question of the just wage, its rationale and practical implementation from the perspective of classical philosophy and Catholic social teaching. In the methodological section, the author argues that because moral and political philosophy stands higher than economics in the hierarchy of sciences, the wage-justice perspective should take precedence over the just-wage perspective. In the section on education, the author calls for a real inter-disciplinarity in education which would eliminate the arrogance of a one-discipline approach and establish a relevant-discipline approach. This paper wants to be an example of such a relevant-discipline approach. The author contends that the term “just wage” can be perceived in two meanings: 1) in the meaning of legal or social justice as a family wage; 2) in the meaning of commutative justice as a value of the employee’s performance which contributes to the production of the total physical product. Where the value of the labor performance cannot be estimated lower than the cost of authentically human living. This paper provides micro- and macroeconomic reasons for the conclusion that the legal minimum wage is not an effective instrument to make an employer pay a just wage and presents the conclusion that the only way to make the employer pay a just wage is a creation of such an institutional environment in which the owners and managers will want to pay just wages on their own, at the expense of their own profit. The author contends that a distributist vision of “restoration of property could provide a functional solution to this. The reason why popes before and during the industrial revolution didn’t criticize low incomes of peasants is, according to the author, that the family life and working life were not separated in the institutional environment of the countryside economy which is why the incomes of the peasants allowed the man to fulfill his obligations in relation to his family. Classification-JEL: A12, N33, J83 Keywords: just wage, minimum wage, labor demand, social justice, industrial revolution, Catholic social teaching, laissez-faire, education Journal: International Journal of Teaching and Education Pages: 29-48 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijote-article-116877 File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijote-article-116877?download=3 Handle: RePEc:aop:jijote:v:9:y:2021:i:1:p:29-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yoko Munezane Author-Name-First: Yoko Author-Name-Last: Munezane Author-Email: yokomunezane@rikkyo.ac.jp Author-Workplace-Name: Rikkyo University Title: GENDERED VISIONS OF IDEAL FUTURE SELVES: AN ANALYSIS OF JAPANESE ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNERS’ NARRATIVES Abstract: This study investigates the impact of gender on future visions, using a mixed narrative method; i.e., a “drawing-and-writing-combined” narrative. Previous research shows that learners’ career aspirations have a positive effect on their academic achievement including language proficiency growth (Sasaki, Kozaki, & Ross, 2017). Therefore, it is worthwhile to explore the impact of gender on language learners’ future possible selves by examining their career visions. Qualitative data were collected from 155 Japanese university English as a Foreign Language learners’ drawings and English essays. Statistical results (chi-square test) revealed gender effects in participants’ visualizations of career-focused and career-family balanced ideal selves as well as in the prominence of social interaction in their future visions. Qualitative analysis of participants’ essays suggested that the majority of both male and female learners envisaged their future ideal selves actively pursuing an international career empowered by the essential tool of English. Overall, females considered combining family and career as due responsibilities for women, whereas the majority of males envisioned career-related ideal selves only. The study further assesses the impact of gender on learners’ future visions by taking into consideration the gender equality level in a particular society. Pedagogical implications and future directions are discussed. Classification-JEL: I29 Keywords: gender differences, possible selves, future visions, classroom-based research, career aspiration Journal: International Journal of Teaching and Education Pages: 49-65 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijote-article-116862 File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijote-article-116862?download=4 Handle: RePEc:aop:jijote:v:9:y:2021:i:1:p:49-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alessandro Prato Author-Name-First: Alessandro Author-Name-Last: Prato Author-Email: prato@unisi.it Author-Workplace-Name: University of Siena - Department of Political and Cognitive Social Sciences Title: Seeing through Words: Hypotyposis and its Functions Abstract: This essay aims to analyse the rhetorical device of hypotyposis, which is held in great consideration both by ancient rhetoricians (Aristotle, Cicero and Quintilian) and by modern critics (Dumarsais, Barthes and Eco) for its capacity to portray visual experiences through the use of words, so as to make them as perceptible as if they were present before the reader’s eyes. The essay compares hypotyposis with other similar rhetorical strategies, such as description (an important moment in which the narratio is suspended and the author describes a place or character), evidentia, and especially ekphrasis - which comes from ekphrŕzo, meaning “describe, represent”, it is used with reference to the description of artworks - which all exercise a significant persuasive function, for they make arguments more tangible and convincing. Classification-JEL: I20, I21 Keywords: elocutio, ekphrasis, descriptio, evidentia, representation, rhetoric Journal: International Journal of Teaching and Education Pages: 66-74 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijote-article-116904 File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijote-article-116904?download=5 Handle: RePEc:aop:jijote:v:9:y:2021:i:1:p:66-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Marie Safrankova Author-Name-First: Jana Marie Author-Name-Last: Safrankova Author-Email: jsafrankova@gmail.cz Author-Workplace-Name: Ambis University, a.s. and West Bohemia University in Pilsen, project centre Author-Name: Martin Sikyr Author-Name-First: Martin Author-Name-Last: Sikyr Author-Email: martinsikyr@seznam.cz Author-Workplace-Name: Ambis University, a.s. and West Bohemia University in Pilsen, project centre Title: The evaluation of quality teaching methods in research at Czech Republic. Abstract: The evaluation of the quality of teaching and the evaluation of education at universities, methods of evaluating teaching and assessment are one of the key criteria for university evaluation. At present, a project of the ESF project of the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen was realized and one of its activities is focused on "Improving Educational Activities and Modern Educational Trends" and on the subsequent implementation and reflection of student education with new teaching methods. The questionary survey was conducted in 2019 with 616 respondents from the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, who is the only one public higher education institution in the Pilsen Region. The results analyze in detail the views of the students - taking into account the extension of pedagogical competencies within the framework of the career order. The aim of the project is a comprehensive system of interconnection of the education of academic staff in the area of increasing pedagogical competencies with introduction of new teaching methods into practice and taking into account the extension of pedagogical competencies within the framework of the career order. The results of a survey focused on evaluating the quality of teaching methods confirmed a number of mostly known means of activating teaching, interactive teaching, communication, discussion, the role of the personality of the lecturer and the instructor. These activation approaches need to be continued. Classification-JEL: I20, I21, I23 Keywords: quality of teaching, methods of teaching, educational activity, university, student, research Journal: International Journal of Teaching and Education Pages: 75-85 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Month: April File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijote-article-116934 File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijote-article-116934?download=6 Handle: RePEc:aop:jijote:v:9:y:2021:i:1:p:75-85