Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jolanta J?tkowska Author-Name-First: Jolanta Author-Name-Last: J?tkowska Author-Email: jolanta.jetkowska@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Poznan University of Life Sciences Title: European Green Deal: Indication of directions for the transformation of agricultural land use in Poland into organic farming Abstract: Organic agricultural land use in the European Union is one of the assumptions and challenges of the European Green Deal, also for Poland, where the share of organic agricultural land is among the lowest in Europe. With a share of 3.5% (2019) of organically farmed area, against an EU average of 8.1%, Poland ranks 23rd in the EU in this respect, out of 27 EU countries (Eurostat).The purpose of this study is to indicate the directions of transformation of agricultural land use in Poland to organic farming in order to achieve 25% of organic agricultural land by 2030, according to the assumptions of the European Green Deal. The study uses literature analysis, reports of the Agricultural and Food Quality Inspection (2004-2020), EUROSTAT data and the method of data aggregation from the level of communes to the level of entire Poland.Due to the fact that the level of development of organic farming in Poland depends on many conditions, including natural ones, the article identifies the agricultural production space valuation ratio developed by the Institute of Plant Cultivation, Fertilisation and Soil Science in Pu?awy as the basis for calculating the preferred area of organic farmland. On its basis the areas of agricultural land fulfilling the condition of occurrence of adequate natural factors, called "location rent", were calculated for particular Polish voivodships.The model for calculating the size of organic farmland can be used as an auxiliary research tool in work on drawing up strategic plans for the development of organic farming and rural areas in Poland and in other countries in order to maintain the principle of sustainable development, which is the overarching goal of the European Green Deal strategy. Classification-JEL: Q01, R11, Z13 Keywords: European Green Deal, European Union, sustainable development, organic farming Journal: International Journal of Social Sciences Pages: 1-12 Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Year: 2022 Month: March File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijoss-article-117004 File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijoss-article-117004?download=1 Handle: RePEc:aop:jijoss:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:1-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lukáš Augustin Máslo Author-Name-First: Lukáš Augustin Author-Name-Last: Máslo Author-Email: lukas.maslo@vse.cz Author-Workplace-Name: Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze Title: Equality in Exchange: A Rehabilitation of The Classical Concept Abstract: The author makes an effort to rehabilitate the classical concept of the equality in exchange which lies in the foundations of the theory of just price and the scholastic criticism of usury. The author supplies a proof that the non-equivalent contract of “exchange” is 1) a contradiction in terms because it represents a combination of a basic contract and a super-contract which contradict each other; and 2) an act of commutative injustice because the contractor negates implicitly within the super-contract what he declares explicitly in the basic contract. The following objections are being settled dialectically: objection of an isolated exchange, objection of voluntariness, objection of Paretovian efficiency, objection of rating, objection of greater evil. The author presents a proof that the just price in an isolated exchange is equal to the reservation price of the seller. The author contends that requiring a transfer from anyone becomes commutative injustice if this requirement is accompanied by 1) external direct pressure or 2) external indirect pressure or 3) deception. The external indirect pressure is defined by the author as a situation when a subject makes a transfer a condition for his consent to a basic contract within the super-contract. The contractor consents to the non-equality in “exchange” only if he wants to give a gift anyway. Since the injustice originates in the agent and benevolence of the sufferer does not cancel the injustice, the non-equivalent contract of “exchange” is an act of commutative injustice even if the sufferer wants to give a gift out of his benevolence. The author claims that the state can adopt four different positions in the question of non-equivalent contracts of “exchange”: 1) to prosecute the perpetrator, 2) to declare the unenforceability, 3) to tolerate the private enforcement, 4) to enforce. Since the enforcement and toleration go against the purpose of the state, the author puts forward the following legal solution: the state declares the non-equivalent contracts of “exchange” unenforceable, nevertheless, it does not automatically prosecute the subjects which commit injustice for making such contracts but, on the other hand, it protects the subjects which suffer injustice if they ask for it. Classification-JEL: D46, D63, K12 Keywords: equality in exchange, commutative justice, voluntariness, Pareto-efficiency, usury, just price Journal: International Journal of Social Sciences Pages: 13-28 Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Year: 2022 Month: March File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijoss-article-117002 File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijoss-article-117002?download=2 Handle: RePEc:aop:jijoss:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:13-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Davit Narmania Author-Name-First: Davit Author-Name-Last: Narmania Author-Email: davit.narmania@tsu.ge Author-Workplace-Name: Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University TSU Author-Name: Eka Chokheli Author-Name-First: Eka Author-Name-Last: Chokheli Author-Email: eka.chokheli@tsu.ge Author-Workplace-Name: Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Author-Name: Ekaterine Gulua Author-Name-First: Ekaterine Author-Name-Last: Gulua Author-Email: ekaterine.gulua@tsu.ge Author-Workplace-Name: Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Author-Name: Sesili Tabatadze Author-Name-First: Sesili Author-Name-Last: Tabatadze Author-Email: sesili.tabatadze952@eab.tsu.edu.ge Author-Workplace-Name: Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Title: The Results of a Study of Students' Attitudes to the Demand for Competencies in the Labor Market Abstract: The paper is dedicated to the study of students' attitudes towards the challenges of quality management at the largest higher education institution of Georgia, how students assess the market requirements for competencies, and whether they perceive that they receive proper knowledge relevant to modern market requirements. The aim of the research is: a) to study students' attitudes, how accurately they perceive the labor market attitude towards qualifications, and how much they feel that they are receiving adequate knowledge of the market; B) to develop recommendations for the Faculty of Economics and Business of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University to improve the teaching of appropriate competencies and students' attitude towards the learning process.The paper is based on the university grant of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University: "Study of the compliance of qualifications of graduates with the labor market requirements of Georgia", which was carried out by the academic staff of the Department of Management and Administration. The paper is based on: the analysis of secondary information about the Georgian labor market in general, the Qualitative analysis of the Georgian higher education system and Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University educational process management mechanisms, as well as the Quantitative analysis of the study on attitudes of TSU Faculty of Economics and Business students and representatives of employer organizations to the above challenges. The survey was conducted using the anonymous survey method, based on a specially designed questionnaire. Out of 200 pre-selected employees, the questionnaire which comprised 69 questions were completed by 137 employers. And a questionnaire consisting of 70 questions for students was distributed to 511 employed and unemployed students according to the specifics of the content. The data were processed using the SPSS Statistics program, both general frequency analysis and cross-tabulation analysis were performed, as well as the reliability of the data and the level of relationships between the variables were determined on the basis of Chi-Square Tests, Cronbach's Alpha, Pearson Correlation Analysis, Linear Regression.In the paper, the analysis of the challenges identified by the results of qualitative and quantitative research formed the basis for finding ways to improve the learning process of TSU Faculty of Economics and Business and developing appropriate recommendations that we think will help the university and stakeholders interested in this issue/field. Classification-JEL: I21, M19, D83 Keywords: Labor Market, Tertiary Education, Learning Outcomes, Qualification, Competency, Skills. Journal: International Journal of Social Sciences Pages: 29-72 Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Year: 2022 Month: March File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijoss-article-116983 File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijoss-article-116983?download=3 Handle: RePEc:aop:jijoss:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:29-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Georgios Tsertekidis Author-Name-First: Georgios Author-Name-Last: Tsertekidis Author-Email: g.tsertekidis@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Democritus University of Thrace Title: Migrating from Greece to Germany after 2010: a qualitative approach Abstract: Greece was severely hit by financial crisis in 2009. Outward migration flows that already existed for decades were then intensified and escalated. Those flows were, mostly, towards other European countries and also others. Among all those countries, Germany has been receiving many new Greek migrants, and is widely considered a top destination for Greek migrants. Though a qualitative approach (online interviews) and with references to existing scholarship, the study attempts to investigate five main topics concerning Greek migrants in Germany. First, the reasons that motivated, pushed or made the participants emigrate to Germany. Second, their reflections on their life in Germany. Third, whether their decision to migrate to Germany is a permanent one. Forth, what would make repatriation a possibility for them. Finally, what are their desires and plans for the future. Push and pull factors seem to be very important in the decision-making processes of the informants. Family and social networks also play major role for members of the sample in terms of deciding to migrate, choosing Germany as destination, and adjusting to their new social environment in the receiving country. The empirical evidence from the research, confirm existing theory to a great extend and raise many important parameters. Such parameters are specific economic and social factors, along with participants’ personal perceptions. Classification-JEL: G01, I30, J69 Keywords: Greeks, Crisis, Migration, Outward Migration, Repatriation Journal: International Journal of Social Sciences Pages: 73-92 Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Year: 2022 Month: March File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijoss-article-116975 File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijoss-article-116975?download=4 Handle: RePEc:aop:jijoss:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:73-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wanda Tureckiová Author-Name-First: Wanda Author-Name-Last: Tureckiová Author-Email: turecki.vyzkum@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Charles University Title: Participants in education of pupils with hearing impairment Abstract: Three important subjects are always involved in the education of pupils with special educational needs – the pupil's family (and, of course, the pupil himself/herself), the school and school counselling centres. They try to ensure that the educational process is as appropriate as possible, taking into account the pupil's abilities, skills, but also the limits based on his/her type and degree of disadvantage. Pupils may be educated in special schools or in mainstream schools. Both educational pathways bring with them certain positives, but also risks. The aim of this text will be to highlight the need for a functional relationship between all the different actors in the educational process for pupils with hearing impairment and to bring these key actors closer together in ensuring the pupil's school success, regardless of the choice of type of educational institution. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Family, hearing impairment, inclusion, mainstream school, pedagogical-psychological counseling, special pedagogical center Journal: International Journal of Social Sciences Pages: 93-103 Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Year: 2022 Month: March File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijoss-article-117013 File-URL: https://eurrec.org/ijoss-article-117013?download=5 Handle: RePEc:aop:jijoss:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:93-103